/fhgLlts l:y/tf, ;'zf;g, ljsf; / /fli6«o :jfledfg

g]skf -Pdfn]_ sf] ax'dtsf] ;/sf/sf lglDt ;"o{df dtbfg

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -PsLs[t dfS;{jfbL—n]lggjfbL_sf]

r'gfj—3f]if0ffkq

@)%^

 

 

/fhgLlts l:y/tf, ;'zf;g, ljsf; / /fli6«o :jfledfg

g]skf -Pdfn]_ sf] ax'dtsf] ;/sf/sf lglDt ’;"o{’df dtbfg

 

 

cfb/0fLo lbbLalxgL tyf bfh'efO,

xfdL km]l/ cfdlgjf{rgsf] ;+3f/df 5f}+ . d'n'sdf ax'bnLo Joj:yf :yfkgf ePkl5 ;DkGg x'g nfu]sf] of] t];|f] cfdlgjf{rg xf] . o; aLrdf xfd|f] kf6L{ g]skf -Pdfn]_ /fli6«o :jtGqtf / ;fdflhs d'lQmsf lgldQ nuftf/ ;+3if{ ub}{ cfO/x]sf]5 . Gofo, :jtGqtf, k|ult / ;d[l4sf lgldQ ;+rflnt To; ;+3if{df xfd|f] kf6L{ ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ b[9tfk"j{s cu'jfO ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 . /fli6«otf, k|hftGq, ;fdflhs Gofo / hghLljsf ;DaGwL ;d:ofx¿sf] ;dfwfgsf lgldQ hf/L/x]sf] o; uf}/jk"0f{ ;+3if{sf ljleGg 38Lx¿df cfˆgf] cd"No hLjg pT;u{ ug]{ ;Dk"0f{ 1ft, c1ft zxLbx¿k|lt g]skf -Pdfn]_ xflb{s >4f~hnL ck{0f ub{5 . g]kfnL sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngsf] :yfkgf / ljsf;df ljlzi6 of]ubfg lbg' x'g] cfb/0fLo g]tfåo sd/]8 k'iknfn / sd/]8 dbgs'df/ e08f/Lk|lt g]skf -Pdfn]_ >[4fk"j{s :d/0f ub}{ pRr ;Ddfg k|s6 ub{5 . ;fy} g]kfnL ;dfhnfO{ cg]sf}+ afËf]l6Ëf] af6f] kf/ ub}{ jt{dfg cj:yf;Dd Nofpg o; sl7g ;+3if{df ;xefuL aGg] / ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] :jb]z tyf k|jf;df /xg' ePsf ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnLx¿k|lt g]skf -Pdfn]_ pRr ;Ddfg tyf s[t1tf JoQm ub{5 .

xfdLn] aL;f}+ ztfAbLnfO{ kf/ ug{ ca Ps jif{ klg afFsL 5}g . o; ztfAbLnfO{ xfdL g]kfnL hgtfn] cToGt si6k"0f{ ;+3if{sf] cjlwsf ¿kdf kf/ ul//x]sf 5f}+ . o; ztfAbLsf] klxnf] %) jif{ xfdLn] lg/+s'z /f0ffzfxLsf lj?4sf] sl7g / s7f]/ ;+3if{df latfof}+ . To;kl5sf] !) jif{ lbzfxLg, cGof}n / clgZrosf] cjlwsf ¿kdf laTof] . To;kl5sf] csf]{ l;+uf] #) jif{ lgb{nLo k~rfotL tfgfzfxLsf lj?4sf] si6k"0f{ ;+3if{df laTof] . ;g\ !(() sf] bzsdf cfPkl5 dfq xfd|f] Kof/f] dft[e"ld g]kfn Pp6f gofF r/0fdf k|j]z u/]sf] 5 . b]zdf klxnf] k6s hgtfsf k|ltlglwx¿n] agfPsf] ;+ljwfg nfu" ePsf] 5 Ù ax'bnLo Joj:yf :yfkgf ePsf] 5 Ù ;fj{ef}d;Qf hgtfsf] xftdf cfPsf] 5 / xfdLn] cfkm\gf dxTjk"0f{ xs–clwsf/x¿ k|fKt u/]sf 5f}+ . oL s'/fx¿ g]kfnL hgtfsf] :jtGqtf, d'lQm / ;d[l4sf nflu tyf jt{dfg / efjL ;+3if{sf lgldQ clt dxTjk"0f{ pknlJwsf] ¿kdf /x]sf 5g\ . ltgLx¿nfO{ ;xL 9+Ën] pkof]u u/]/ dfq g]kfn / g]kfnLsf] pHjn eljiosf] ¿k/]vf sf]g{ ;lsG5 .

ax'bnLo Joj:yf :yfkgf ePsf] gf} jif{ laTgnfUbf klg d'n'ssf] ;fdflhs / cfly{s l:yltdf s'g} 7"nf] kl/jt{g cfpg ;s]sf] 5}g . clxn] klg b]zsf] s"n hg;+Vofsf]] $% k|ltzt hgtf lg/k]If u/LjLsf] /]vfd'lg 5g\, s/Lj ^) k|ltzt hgtf lg/If/ 5g\, b]zsf] s"n /fli6«o cfosf] %) k|ltzt lx:;f ;dfhsf dflyNnf] txdf a:g] sl/j !) k|ltztsf] xftdf s]lGb|t /x]s]f 5 . s[lifIf]qdf ## k|ltzt v]tLof]Uo e"lddf ^ k|ltzt el"dklt kl/jf/sf] sAhf /x]sf] 5 eg] $) k|ltzt kl/jf/n] s]jn ( k|ltzt hdLg pkof]u ug{ kfPsf 5g\ . d'n'ssf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs / ;f+:s[lts If]qdf ;'wf/ / kl/jt{g ug]{ s'g} k|ultzLn gLlt, sfo{qmd jf of]hgfx¿ Nffu" ePsf 5}gg\ . /fli6«o cy{tGq ;+s6k"0f{ aGb} uPsf] 5 . pTkfbg / pTkfbsTj al9/x]s]f 5}g . ljsf; / lgdf{0fsf sfo{x¿ 7Kk k|fo 5g\ . Jofkf/–3f6f lg/Gt/ a9\b} 5 . u|fdL0f ljsf;n] ult lng ;s]sf] 5}g . /fli6«o ah]6 k|To]s 7fpFdf r'lx/x]sf] 5 . e|i6frf/ ;+:yfut¿kdf km}ln/x]sf] 5 . dxFuLn] cfsfz 5f]O/x]sf] 5 . ljb]zL C0fsf] ef/n] /fi6« p7\g} ufx|f] kg]{ cj:yfdf k'u]sf] 5 . k/lge{/tf lg/Gt/ al9/x]sf] 5 . lzIff, :jf:Yo h:tf If]qx¿ cGof}n, lbzfxLgtf / c/fhstfn] u|:t 5g\ . cfd hgtfn] :jR5 vfg]kfgL lkpg ;Dd klg kfO/x]sf 5}gg\ . k|zf;g l9nf;':tL / lgis[o cj:yfdf 5 .

o;/L d'n'ssf ;fdflhs, cfly{s, ;f+:s[lts, k|zf;lgs, z}lIfs, Jofkfl/s / cGo If]qx¿df ;+s6 ulxl/+b} uO/x]sf] 5 . oL ;a s'/fn] hgtfdf c;Gtf]if, lj/f]w / cfqmf]z ljsl;t eO/x]sf] 5 . To;af6 kmfObf p7fpFb} cfkm\gf lglxt :jfy{k"lt{ ug{ Psflt/ pu|jfdkGyL cft+ssf/Lx¿ clzlIft / lgxTyf hgtfnfO{ e8\sfP/ JolQm–xTof, cft+s / c/fhstf km}nfpg] sf]lz; ul//x]sf 5g\ eg] csf]{lt/ pu| blIf0fkGyL k'g?TyfgjfbLx¿ hgtfdf b]vfk/]sf] ToxL c;Gt'li6sf] b'¿kof]u ub}{ ax'bnLo Joj:yfnfO{ g} ;dfKt kfg{sf nflu cFWof/f] s'gfdf a;]/ if8\oGq /lr/x]sf 5g\ .

cflv/ oL ;a} s'/f x'g'sf k5fl8sf] sf/0f s] xf] < of] dxTjk"0f{ k|Zg tkfO{+ xfdL / l;+uf] /fi6«sf ;fd' v8f ePsf] 5 . @)$^ ;fnsf] kl/jt{gkl5 d'n'sdf ePsf] klxnf] cfdlgjf{rgdf xfd|f] kf6L{sf] ax'dt cfpg ;s]g . g]kfnL sf+u|];n] ax'dt k|fKt u¥of] / lgjf{lrt ;/sf/ agfof] . To;n] z'?b]lv g} ax'dtsf] 3d08 lnP/ ;j{;QfjfbL zf;g rnfpg] gLlt lnof] . To;n] Pskl5 csf]{ hglj/f]wL gLlt nfu" u¥of] . /fli6«o lxtnfO{ ltnf~hnL lb+b} 6gsk'/ ;+emf}tf h:tf] /fi6«3ftL ;lGw ug{ k'Uof] . hgtfsf hghLljsf ;+aGwL Pp6f klg ;d:of ;dfwfg u/]g . cfkm\gf xs–clwsf/sf lgldQ cfjfh p7fpg] hgtfdfly k|zf;lgs an k|of]u u/]/ bdg / xTofdf plqg yfNof] . Pskl5 csf]{ dfgjclwsf/ pNn+3g ug]{ / hgxTof a9fpg] sfo{ ub}{ uof] . d'n'ssf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs ljsf;sf lgldQ s'g} ;sf/fTds sbd rfNg ;s]g . s'g} gofF gLlt, of]hgf jf sfo{qmd cl3 ;fg{ ;s]g . k|ltkIfL kf6L{x¿;Fusf] ;fdfGo k|hftflGqs ;DaGw klg lgjf{x ug{ ;s]g . pN6} xfd|f] kf6L{sf sfo{stf{ / ;dy{sx¿dfly em'7f d'2f nufpg] cleofg rnfof] . /fhgLlts g]tf / sfo{stf{x¿ c;'/lIft x'g] cj:yf eof] . To;}aLr hgg]tf sd/]8 dbgs'df/ e08f/L / sd/]8 hLj/fh cfl>tsf] /x:odo 9Ën] xTof ul/of] . xTof/fx¿nfO{ kQf nufpg] / ;dfTg] sfddf sf+u|];L ;/sf/n] laNs'n} kxn u/]g . a? slyt clgn cfof]u agfP/ cfn6fn ug]{ gLlt lnof] . t/ sf+u|];sf hglj/f]wL, /fli6«o lxt lj/f]wL, dfgj clwsf/ lj/f]wL / ;+ljwfg lj/f]wL gLlt, sfd / Jojxf/n] Tof] kf6L{sf] ;/sf/sf lj?4 cfd hgtf / k|ltkIfLx¿ Dffq qm'4 ePgg\, v'b sf+u|]; kf6L{leq} u'6aGbL / cGt;{++3if{sf] cfuf] nfUof] . cGttM sf+u]|;L ;/sf/ ;f9] tLg jif{d} 9Ng k'Uof] . sf+u|];n] hgtfsf] hgfb]zsf] sb/ ug{ ;s]g, klxnf] dxflgjf{rgsf] lgb]{zgnfO{ ;Ddfg ug{ ;s]g Ù hgtfn] lbPsf] ax'dtnfO{ hf]ufpg ;s]g, To;n] d'n'snfO{ l:y/ / lbuf] ;/sf/ lbg ;s]g . g]kfnL sf+u|]; eg]sf] Pp6f :jfyL{, e|i6, blIf0fkGyL / k|ltqmofjfbLx¿sf] kf6L{ xf], To;n] hgtf / /fi6«nfO{ g]t[Tj ug{ ;Qm}g eGg] s'/f k|dfl0ft eof] .

To;kl5 @)%! ;fndf bf];|f] cfdlgjf{rg ;DkGg eof] ⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪g'xf/ To;n] lrgfO ;s]sf] lyof] . To;}n] g]kfnL hgtfn] sf+u]|;nfO{ !!$ ;L6af6 *# ;L6df emfl/ k|ltkIfdf a:g] hgfb]z lbP . hgtfn] cledt k|s6 u/] – g]kfnL sf+u|];n] d'n'snfO{ g]t[Tj ug{ ;Qm}g . ToxL r'gfjaf6 xfd|f] kf6L{ ;+;bdf ;a}eGbf 7"nf] bnsf ¿kdf :yflkt eof] . To;} x}l;otaf6 xfd|f] kf6L{n] cNkdtsf] Psn ;/sf/ agfO{ d'n'sdf gf} dlxgf;Dd s'zntfk"j{s zf;g ;+rfng u¥of] . v'b sf+u|];n] g} agfPsf] ah]6nfO{ k'g;{+/rgf ug]{ / k|fyldstf km]g]{ sfdaf6 d'n'ssf] ljsf; lgdf{0f k|lqmofnfO{ cl3 a9fpg] lhDdf xfd|f] kf6L{n] lnof] . ;a}nfO{ yfxf 5– 5f]6f] cjlwdf g} xfdLn] cg]sf}+ hgd'vL ljsf;sf gLltx¿ cl3 ;f¥of}+ . ah]6 ToxL cg'¿k afF8kmfF8 ul/of] . ufpFufpFaf6 ljsf;k|lqmof cl3 a9\g yfNof] . l5d]sL nufot ljleGg d'n'x¿;Fu ;dfgtfsf] cfwf/df ljb]z ;DaGw cufl8 a9\of] / ;Gt'lnt ljb]z ;DaGwsf] kmn:j¿k cGt/f{li6«o If]qdf g]kfnsf] k|lti7fdf j[l4 x'g yfNof], hgtfdf pT;fx / pd+u k}bf eof] . kf6L{ / ;/sf/k|lt pn+{bf] hg;dy{g k|s6 x'g yfNof] . d'n's Pdfn]do aGb} hfg yfNof] . xfd|f] kf6L{sf] ;/sf/sf] nf]slk|otf b]v]kl5 g]kfnL sf+u|]; O{iof{ / 8fxn] cfqmfGt aGg k'Uof] / xfd|f] kf6L{sf] ;/sf/nfO{ lu/fpg if8\oGq ug{ yfNof] . xfd|f] ;/sf/nfO{ ah]6 g} k|:t't ug{ glbg] hfn a'Gg yfNof] / k'g?TyfgjfbLx¿sf] if8\oGq cg'¿k sf+u|]; klg d'n'snfO{ cl:y/tftkm{ ws]Ng t}of/ eof] . To; b'vb\ l:yltaf6 d'n'snfO{ arfpgsf lgldQ xfd|f] kf6L{sf] ;/sf/n] k|ltlglw;ef lj36g u/]/ cfdlgjf{rgsf nflu l;kmfl/; u¥of] . tb\g'¿k dWofjlw lgjf{rgsf] 3f]if0ff klg eof] . cfd hgtf cToGt v';L lyP . r'gfj ePsf] eP Tolta]n} b]zdf l:y/ ;/sf/ aGg] lyof] / xfd|f] kf6L{nfO{ cTolws ax'dt k|fKt x'g] lglZrt lyof] . ToxL 8/n] ubf{ lgjf{rgsf] l;kmfl/;sf lj?4 d'2f xflnof] . ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] @)%@ ;fn ebf} !@ ut]sf] km};nfåf/f cfdlgjf{rg cj?4 eof] .

;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] Efbf} !@ sf] lg0f{okl5 d'n's Pp6f 7"nf] rqmJo"xdf km:g k'Uof] . d'n'snfO{ cl:y/ / cGof}nk"0f{ lbzflt/ ws]Ng k'g?TyfgjfbLx¿ ;kmn eP . g]kfnL sf+u|];n] pgLx¿sf] OR5fnfO{ k"/f ul/lbof] / hgcfGbf]ngsf] lg0ff{os g]t[TjbfoL zlQm – xfd|f] kf6L{sf lj?4 cg]s Kf|sf/sf s'k|rf/ ug]{ / ab\gfd ug]{ sfddf nfUof] . t/ To;af6 xfd|f] kf6L{sf] nf]slk|otf 36]g, a? cem Jofks aGof] . ;/sf/df a:f] klg, k|ltkIfdf a;] klg kf6L{sf] hgcfwf/ emg\ Jofks aGb} uof] . cem} w]/} hgtf kf6L{sf jl/kl/ uf]naGb eP . xfd|f] kf6L{n] k|ltkIfdf a;]/ klg sf+u|];L csd{0otf / k'g?TyfgjfbLx¿sf] if8\oGqsf] kf]n vf]Nb} uof] . t/ sf+u|]; clnslt klg ;r]t x'g;s]g . pN6}, cjlw k"/f e};s]sf :yfgLo lgsfox¿sf] sfo{fjlw Ps jif{ nDAofP/ emg\ 3f]/ ck|hftflGqs sfddf nfUof] . To;n] ubf{ xfd|f] kf6L{n] /fk|kf;+u ldn]/ Pp6f r'gfjL ;+o'Qm ;/sf/ agfpg' k¥of] . Tof] tTsfn ul/Psf] ;Demf}tf cg';f/ r'gfjL ;/sf/ dfq lyof] . xfdLn] gofF P]gsf] Joa:yf u/L :yfgLo lgsfox¿sf] lgjf{rg ;dod} u/fof}+ . kl/0ffdn] xfd|f] kf6L{sf] nf]slk|otf s] kxf8, s] t/fO{, s] k"j{ / s] klZrd, ;a} If]qdf Jofks ag]sf] b]vfof] . pQm :yfgLo lgjf{rgdf xfd|f] kf6L{n] cTolws :yfgdf ljho xfl;n u¥of] . of] xfd|f] kf6L{sf] ce"tk"j{ ljho xf] / kf6L{sf] lg/Gt/ al9/x]sf] nf]slk|otf / hg;dy{gsf] Bf]ts klg xf] . o; ljhonfO{ b]v]kl5 g]kfnL sf+u|]; / cGo blIf0fkGyL kf6L{x¿ cft+lst ag] . o;}qmddf ;/sf/df ePsf] /fk|kf klg ql;t eof] . cfd lgjf{rg u/fpg] xf] eg] cfˆgf] cl:tTj g} ;dfKt x'g] 8/n] To;sf ;b:ox¿ cg]s if8\oGq ub}{ cg'lrt sfo{df ;d]t ;+nUg x'gyfn] . kl/0ffd:j¿k ;+o'Qm ;/sf/ lu¥of] . t/ l9nf] jf rfF8f] cfdlgjf{rg t x'g] g} lyof] . Tof] lgjf{rg x'g] lalQs} xfd|f] kf6L{sf] ljhonfO{ s;}n] /f]Sg ;Qm}gYof] . To;}n] g]kfnL sf+u|];;lxt ljleGg k|ltlqmofjfbL zlQmx¿ xfd|f] kf6L{nfO{ km'6fpg ;s[o x'gyfn] . xfd|f] kf6L{leq}sf s]xL c/fhs / cg'zf;gxLg tTjx¿ pgLx¿;Fu cg'lrt ;DaGw klg a9fpg yfn] . t/ kf6L{n] 5}6f} /fli6«o dxflwj]zg ;kmntfk"j{s ;DkGg u¥of] . cfkm\gf nIo, sfo{lbzf / gLltx¿ to u¥of] . kf6L{ / cfGbf]ngnfO{ gofF cj:yfdf Nofof] / kf6L{leq tyf aflx/ k|s6 ePsf lj;+ult Pj+ ljs[ltsf lj?4 ;+3if{ ub}{ Pp6f ;an, ;Ifd, ;'b[9 / n8fs' kf6L{ lgdf{0f u/]/ g]kfnL hgtfsf] /fli6«o :jtGqtf tyf ;fdflhs d'lQmsf] cleofgnfO{{ cem k|efjsf/L¿kdf cl3 a9fpg] ;+sNk lnP/ xfd|f] kf6L{ hg;dIf cfof] . 7Ls oxL a]nfdf k|ltlqmofjfbLx¿ / cj;/jfbLx¿sf] ;fF7ufF7 / if8\oGqsf] kl/0ffd:j¿k xfd|f] kf6L{sf] ;+;bLo bndf ljefhg NofOof] / kf6L{nfO{ rf]O6\ofpg] b'ik|of; ul/of] . kf6L{leq} l;{hgf ePsf] c/fhs / cg'zf;gxLg u'6n] kf6L{ / qmflGtsf] ljsf;sf nflu zxLbx¿n] hLjg cfx'lt u/]sf] lbg kmfNu'0f @! ut] kf6L{sf] ;+;bLo bnnfO{ rf]O6\Øfpg] b'isfo{ u¥of] .

xfd|f] kf6L{nfO{ rf]O6\Øfpg] b'isfo{ g]kfnL sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngsf ;fd' pkl:yt csf]{ dxTjk"0f{ r'gf}tL lyof] . xfd|f] kf6L{sf] 5}6f}+ /fli6«o dxflwj]zgn] cTolws ax'dtn] kfl/t u/]sf nIo, sfo{lbzf, gLlt / sfo{gLltx¿sf cfwf/df To; blIf0fkGyL cj;/jfbL u'6sf lj?4 kf6L{leq Pj+ aflx/ b[9 j}rfl/s ;+3if{ ;+rfng eof] . To; qmddf (# k|ltzteGbf a9L kf6L{;b:ox¿ Kff6L{ Pstfsf] kIfdf r§fg em+} v8f eP . ;d{ys / z'e]R5's cfd hgtf k|foM ;a} g} kf6L{ Pstfsf] kIfdf v8f eP / ljv08gjfbL tyf c/fhstfjfbL k|j[lQsf lj?4 l;+uf] kf6L{ Pstfa4 eP/ ;+3if{ ug{ yfNof] . To;n] ubf{ xfd|f] kf6L{ j}rfl/s, /fhgLlts / ;+u7gfTds ¿kn] cem a9L Pstfa4 / ;an eof] tyf kf6L{sf] n8fs' Ifdtf emg\ ;an aGof] . s]xL ;doleqdf To; ljv08gsf/L u'6sf kIfdf e|da; nfu]sf sfo{stf{x¿ ;d]t kf6L{df kms{g yfn] . Tof] kmls{g] qmd clxn] klg hf/L 5 . To;n] ubf{ pQm …dfn]Ú u'6 k|ltlqmofjfbLx¿, cj;/jfbLx¿, t:s/x¿ / sfnfahfl/ofx¿sf] ;a} k|sf/sf] ;xof]u k|fKt u/]/ klg cfkm" sfo{stf{ k+lQmaf6 alxis[t ag]sf] 5 . cfd hgtfaf6 lt/:s[t aGb} uPsf] 5 / Pp6f k|efjxLg hdftsf] ¿kdf ¿kfGtl/t eO/x]s]f 5 . olta]nf Tof] u'6 xfd|f] kf6L{sf lj?4 k|ltlqmofjfbLx¿af6 k|of]u x'g;Sg] Pp6f ;fgf] xltof/sf ¿kdf /x]s]f 5 / o;sf k|To]s sd{ / Jojxf/n] k|ltlqmofjfbLx¿nfO{ ;]jf k'¥ofpg] sfd g} ul//x]s]f 5 . o;/L xfd|f] kf6L{n] 5f]6f] ;dodf To; c/fhstfjfbL / cj;/jfbL u'6nfO{ k/flht u/]sf] 5 . xfd|f] kf6L{ cem ;an / ;'b[9 ePsf] 5 . xfd|f] kf6L{ cfd hgtfsf] dfem Gofgf] / lj/f6 ;dy{g tyf ;xof]u k|fKt ub}{ /fi6«JofkL nx/ l;h{gf u/]/ hg;dIf cfO/x]sf] 5 .

ljut dWofjlw lgjf{rgkl5 g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] csd{0otf / c;Ifdtfn] ubf{ d'n's cl:y/ / lbzfxLg cj:yfdf ws]lnof] . xfd|f] kf6L{sf] gf} dlxg] ;/sf/ 9flnPkl5 cg]sf}+ ¿ksf ;/sf/x¿ ag] . l5gl5gdf ;dLs/0fx¿ ablnP / ;/sf/x¿ ablnP Ù ;Qfdf hfg] / cf]n{g] v]nx¿n] /fi6«sf] cd"No ;do vfof] . u}/ lhDd]jf/ cj;/jfbLx¿sf lglDt ;'gf}nf] cj;/ v'Nnf eof] . g]kfnL sf+u|];n] tL ;a} ck|hftflGqs v]nx¿df gfos eP/ gf6s d+rg ub}{ uof] . ;/sf/df hfg] / l6Sg] b'M:jKg k"/f ug{s} lglDt g]kfnL sf+u|];n] ;f+;bx¿nfO{ ckx/0f ug]{ sfd u¥of], ;f+;bx¿nfO{ vl/b–lasL ug{ yfNof] / ljb]zdf eufpg yfNof] . Tolt dfq xf]Og, g]kfnL sf+u|];n] cljZjf;sf] k|:tfjaf6 cfkm"nfO{ arfpg axfnjfnf dGqLx¿nfO{ lj/fdL g} geO{ lj/fdL agfP/ a}+ss k7fpg] cg}lts sfd ;d]t u¥of] . ToxL p2]Zosf lglDt ljleGg lsl;dsf k'g?TyfgjfbLx¿;Fu ;fF7ufF7 u/L xfd|f] ;+;bLo bnnfO{ km'6fpg] b'isfo{df ;d]t ;+nUg eof] . o;/L l;+uf] d'n'sdf /fhgLlts cGof}n, cfly{s cwf]ult, ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts If]qdf lbzfxLgtf / g}lts ;+s6sf] 3gf afbn 5fof] . ljsf;–lgdf{0fsf] ult k|foM /f]lsof] . d'n'sdf c/fhstf / lbzfxLgtf a9\of] .

b]zdf pTkGg ;+s6k"0f{ l:yltsf] d"n sf/s g]kfnL sf+u|]; g} xf] . lsgeg] lat]sf] sl/j gf} jif{ dWo] !^ dlxgf afx]s clwsf+z ;do g]kfnL sf+u|]; g} ;/sf/df /x\of] . To;n] hgtf / /fi6«nfO{ Ps kfOnf klg cl3 a9fpg ;s]g . xfd|f] kf6L{n] gf} dlxg] ;/sf/sf] kfnfdf z'? u/]sf c;n sfo{x¿nfO{ vf/]h ug]{ jf lg:t]h ug]{ sfd u¥of] . cg]sf}+ hglxtsf/L of]hgf / kl/of]hgfx¿sf] sfof{GjognfO{ /f]Sof] . log} sf/0fn] ubf{ d'n'sdf Psflt/ pu|jfdkGyL, c/fhstfjfbL / cft+ssf/L u'6sf ¿kdf dfcf]jfbLx¿ b]vfk/] eg] csf]{lt/ a9\bf] hgc;Gt'i6Laf6 kmfObf p7fpFFb} pu| blIf0fkGyL k'g?TyfgjfbLx¿ ax'bn df:gsf lglDt cg]sf}+ if8\oGq ug{ yfn] . d'n'sdf cfdlgjf{rg ug{ glbg] ;+j}wflgs ;+s6 v8f ug{ yfn] . To; if8\oGqnfO{ lr/]/ d'n'sdf lgjf{rg u/fpg cToGt h?/L lyof] . t/ g]kfnL sf+u|];n] cj;/jfbL …dfn]Ú u'6;Fu ldn]/ ;+o'Qm ;/sf/ agfof] . v'b k'g?TyfgjfbLx¿s} OR5f adf]lhd …dfn]Ú u'6sf] a};fvL 6]s]/ xfd|f] kf6L{sf lj?4 ;f/f ;/sf/L ;fwg / ;|f]tx¿ ;d]tsf] b'¿kof]u ub}{ cfOnfUof] . xfd|f] kf6L{n] To;sf] ;zQm¿kdf lj/f]w u¥of] . pu|jfdkGyL / pu|blIf0fkGyLx¿sf if8\oGqx¿sf] kf]n v'Ng yfNof] . b]znfO{ ;'lglZrt lbzftkm{ n}hfg g]skf -Pdfn]_ n] oyfzL3| cfdr'gfj x'g'kg]{ dfu u¥of] . cGttM xfd|f] k|:tfj adf]lhd g]kfnL sf+u|]; ;+o'Qm ;/sf/ agfpg t}of/ eof] / j}zfvleq cfdlgjf{rg u/fpg] ;xdltdf cfof] . cl:y/, cGof}n, lbzfxLg / c/fhs si6k"0f{ cjlwnfO{ kf/ u/]kl5 aNn d'n'sn] Pp6f lgsf; k|fKt u¥of] / cfufdL @)%^ ;fn j}zfv @) ut] cfdlgjf{rg x'g] 3f]if0ff eof] . t/ km]l/ r/0fa4 r'gfjsf] s'/f cl3 ;f/]/ sltko lgjf{rg If]qdf h]i7 tLg ut] lgjf{rg x'g] ePsf] 5 . o;df g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] ;xdlt eO{ ;lDawfgsf] dd{ / :yflkt k/Dk/fsf] pNn+3g ePsf] 5 .

lbbLalxgL tyf bfh'efO,

of] cfdlgjf{rg tkfO{+ xfd|f lglDt Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ cj;/ xf] . cj d'n'snfO{ s'g lbzflt/ cl3 a9fpg] eGg] af/]df lg0f{o ug]{ clwsf/ hgtfsf] xftdf cfPsf] 5 . xfd|f] kf6L{sf] lhDd]jf/Lk"0f{ ;+3if{ / k|efjaf6 cfdlgjf{rgdf hfg kfpg] k|wfgdGqLsf] ljz]ifflwsf/ sfof{Gjog x'g;s]sf] 5 . o;n] cfdlgjf{rgsf ;fd' ax'bnLo Joj:yfnfO{ g} ;dfKt kfg]{ k'g?TyfgjfbLx¿sf] ;kgfdf t'if/fkft ul/lbg] gofF cj;/ NofPsf] 5 . pgLx¿sf if8\oGq / k|k~rdf au]/ d'n'snfO{ cl:y/, cGof}n / lbzfxLg l:ylt tkm{ ws]Ng] g]kfnL sf+u|];nfO{ bl08t / k/flht ug]{ cj;/ klg hgtfsf xftdf cfPsf] 5 . Pstfa4 eP/ cl3 a9\g'kg]{ a]nfdf ljv08g / ljefhglt/ nfu]/ k|ltlqmofjfbL tyf k'g?TyfgjfbLx¿nfO{ g} ;]jf k'¥ofpg] …dfn]Ú u'6nfO{ ;hfo lbg] cj;/ klg hgtfs} xftdf cfPsf] 5 . o; lgjf{rgnfO{ xfdLn] /fhgLlts l:y/tf, ;'zf;g, ljsf;, ;'/Iff, Gofo, ;dfgtf / /fli6«otfsf lgldQ ;+3if{ ug]{ zlQmnfO{ ;'b[9 agfpg] cj;/sf] ¿kdf lng'kb{5 . o; cj;/df xfdLn] ax'bnLo Joj:yf :yfkgfkl5sf ljut gf} jif{sf cg'ejx¿sf] d"NofÍg ub}{ eljiosf] ;':ki6 af6f] klxNofpg' kb{5 . xfdLn] ;+3if}{ ;+3if{sf] ztfAbLsf] ¿kdf aL;f}+ ztfAbLnfO{ kf/ ul//x]]sf 5f}+ . Gofo, :jtGqtf, d'lQm, ;d[l4 / k'glg{df{0fsf lj/f6 ;+efjgfx¿ Aff]s]/ PSsfO;f} ztfAbL xfd|f ;fd' cfO/x]sf] 5 . cfufdL lgjf{rgaf6 aGg] k|ltlglw;ef / ;/sf/n] tkfO{+ xfdLnfO{ o; ztfAbLaf6 @! cf} ztfAbLdf k|j]z u/fpg]5 . d'n'sdf ljBdfg cGo s'g} klg /fhgLlts kf6L{ jf zlQmn] Tof] sfdnfO{ ;kmntfk"j{s ;DkGg ug{ ;Qm}gg\ eGg] s'/fsf] k'li6 eO{;s]sf] 5 . c? s;}n] klg d'n'snfO{ lbuf] / l:y/ ;/sf/ lbg ;Qm}gg\ eGg] s'/f klg :ki6 g} 5 . Tof] sfd xfd|f] uf}/jdo kf6L{ g]skf -Pdfn]_ n] dfq ug{ ;Qm5 . xfd|f] kf6L{sf] ax'dtsf] ;/sf/n] dfq jt{dfg ;+3if{k"0f{ ztfAbLaf6 g]kfnL hgtf / /fi6«nfO{ lgdf{0f / ;d[l4sf] PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLdf ;kmntfk"j{s k|j]z u/fpg ;Sg]5 . To;}n] cfpg' xf];\– ljut gf} jif{sf] cjlwdf k|fKt cg'ejx¿sf] d"Nof+sg u/f}+ / cem b[9 sbdsf;fy hgtf tyf /fi6«nfO{ pHjn eljiolt/ cl3 a9fcf}+ Û

!= ljutnfO{ kms]{/ x]/f}+ M ;a}sf] d"Nof+sg u/f}+

cfufdL cfdlgjf{rgdf s'g kf6L{nfO{ /f]Hg] eGg] lgisif{df k'Ug'eGbf cufl8 lat]sf lbgx¿df ljleGg /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿åf/f ul/Psf jfrf / sfdx¿nfO{ t'ngf u/]/ x]g{ g]skf -Pdfn]_ ;Dk"0f{ hg;d'bfodf cfu|x ub{5 .

!=! g]skf -Pdfn]_ sf] k|lta4tf M b]z / hgtfk|ltsf] OdfGbfl/tf

g]skf -Pdfn]_ n] @)$* / @)%! ;fnsf] cfdlgjf{rgsf a]nf 3f]if0ffkq dfkm{t hgtf;dIf u/]sf jfrfx¿sf] OdfGbf/Lk"j{s kfngf u/]sf]5 . ;/sf/df uPsf] a]nf cfk"mn] 3f]if0ff u/] cg';f/ sfo{qmd / gLlt to u/L g]skf -Pdfn]_ n] nfu" u/]sf] 5 eg] ljkIfdf /x]sf] ;dodf ltgsf] kIfdf ;bg / ;8sdf ;lqmo e"ldsf v]n]sf] 5 . @)$* ;fnb]lv @)%! ;fnsf] cjlwdf k|d'v k|ltkIfL bnsf] ¿kdf g]skf -Pdfn]_ n] /fli6«o :jfledfg / lxt, k|hftflGqs clwsf/ tyf hghLljsfsf] kIfdf v]n]sf] ;lqmo e"ldsf Pj+ p7fPsf cfjfhx¿af/] w]/} ljj/0f lbO/xg' kg]{ 5}g . @)%! ;fnsf] dWofjlw lgjf{rgaf6 ul7t g]skf -Pdfn]_ sf] cNkdtsf] ;/sf/n] u/]sf b]zelQmk"0f{ / hgd'vL sfo{x¿ ;a}sf ;fd' 5n{Ë 5g\ .

 

 

!=!=! g]skf -Pdfn]_ sf] gf} dlxg] ;/sf/ M /fli6otfsf] ;'b[9Ls/0f / ljsf;sf] nx/

@)%! ;fnsf] dWofjlw lgjf{rgaf6 ;/sf/df k'u]kl5 g]skf -Pdfn]_ åf/f /fli6«otf, k|hftGq / hghLljsfsf] kIfdf ul/Psf cg]sf}+ dxTjk"0f{ sfo{x¿ dWo] s]xL pNn]vgLo sfo{x¿ o; k|sf/ 5g\ M

gf} dlxgfsf] sfo{sfndf g]skf -Pdfn]_ sf] ;/sf/n] hgrfxgf cg'¿ksf] gofF kl/jt{g / ljsf;sf] cg'e"lt lbPsf] lyof] . o;}u/L ;ft dlxgfsf] ;+o'Qm ;/sf/df /xFbf To;sf] ;Ldf / To; a]nfsf] k|lts"n kl/l:yltdf klg g]skf -Pdfn]_ sf] kxndf gjf}+ k+rjifL{o of]hgfsf] cfwf/kq tof/ ePsf] lyof] . aL; jif{df cfly{s j[l4sf] b/ ;/b/ jflif{s ;ft k|ltzt k'¥ofpg], lgof{t j[l4b/ pRr kfg]{, l56f] k|ltkmn lbg] / ax';+Vos hgtfnfO{ ;d]6\g] If]qdf nufgL a9fO{ !% jif{leq afXo C0f dflysf] lge{/tf ;dfKt ug]{ / u/LjLsf] /]vfd'gLsf hgtfsf] hLjg:t/ dfly p7fpg] tyf æPs kl/jf/ Ps /f]huf/Æ sf] sfo{qmd nfu" ug]{ gLlt to ul/Psf] lyof] . oftfoftsf] lasf;sf] nflu s]jn sf/ tyf sf7df8f}+–x]6f}+8f ;'?Ëdfu{ lgdf{0f ug]{ tkm{ kxn ul/Psf] lyof] . :yfgLo lgsfosf] lgjf{rg gu/fO{ tL lgsfox¿sf] k|efjsf/LtfnfO{ vtd ug]{ g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] b'/fzonfO{ ljkmn t'NofO{ ;/sf/df uPsf] tLg dlxgfleq} :yfgLo lgsfosf] lgjf{rg zflGtk"0f{ ¿kdf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . Tolx ;/sf/n] :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g ;DalGw ljw]os th'{df u/L ;+;baf6 kfl/t ug]{ l:yltdf k'¥ofPsf] lyof] .

!=!=@ ljkIfdf /x"bfsf] e"ldsf M b[li6sf]0f, c8fg / sfo{qmddf lg/Gt/tf

 

!=@ g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] sfo{sfn M d'n'snfO{ agfof] k5f}6] / s+ufn

g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] ck|hftflGqs, :j]R5frf/L / lj;+ultk"0f{ rl/qsf] sf/0f o;n] cg]s k6s /fli6«otf, k|hftGq / hghLljsfdfly vt/f l;h{gf u/]sf] 5 . @)!% ;fnb]lv @)!& ;fn;Dd !* dlxgf g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] b'O{ ltxfO{ ax'dt k|fKt ;/sf/ lyof] eg] @)$& ;fndf ax'bnLo Joj:yfsf] k'gM :yfkgf ePb]lv otf ;aeGbf w]/} cjlw g]kfnL sf+u|];n] g} ;/sf/ rnfPsf] 5 . t/ of] nfdf] sfo{sfndf klg g]kfnL sf+u|];n] /fli6«otfsf ;jfndf ljutdf em}+ /fli6«o lxteGbf k/fOsf] lxt ;fwgf ug]{ rl/qdf s'g} kl/jt{g ePsf] b]vfpg ;s]g . :j]R5frf/L / ;j{;QfjfbL rl/qdf s'g} pNn]vgLo km]/abn b]vfpg ;s]g . d'ÝLe/ ;DkGg ju{sf] :jfy{df cy{tGqnfO{ 8f]¥ofP/ ax';+Vos hgtfsf] hLjgnfO{ si6s/ t'Nofpg] g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] cfly{s lbzfdf s'g} gofF kg cfPsf] b]lvPg . To; kf6L{n] k|hftGqsf] /Iff ug{ ;d]t g;s]sf] sf/0f /fhgLlts cl:y/tf / k|ltudgsf k|of;x¿ x'Fb} /x] . /fhgLlts If]qdf @)!& ;fnsf] kmf}hL sf08, @)%! ;fnsf] dWofjlw lgjf{rg, @)%@ ;fn otfsf] cl:y/tf / cGof}n, ljs[t / dof{bfxLg Jojxf/ cflb o;sf s]xL pbfx/0fx¿ x'g\ .

g]kfnL sf+u|]; ;+w} cg'Q/bfoL lsl;dn] ;Qf:jfy{sf] l3gnfUbf] v]ndf ;+nUg x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . o;n] b]z, hgtf / k|hftGqsf lj?4 cg]sf}+ k6s 3[l0f v]nx? V]Nb} cfPsf] 5 . o;n] u/]sf To:tf s]xL lqmofsnfkx¿ o; k|sf/ /x]sf 5g\ M

g]kfnL sf+u|];;Fu d'n'snfO{ cl3 a9fpg] s'g} ;f]r, gLlt / sfo{qmd gePsf]n] To;n] h;/L–t;/L ;/sf/df k'Ug jf l6ls/xg Pskl5 csf]{ ck/fwk"0f{ sfo{ ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . To;sf k'/fgf gf/f / cfZjf;gx¿ jt{dfg ;dosf] ;Gbe{df yf]qf Pj+ cy{xLg ;fljt eO;s]sf 5g\ .

@)$* sf] cfdlgjf{rgdf g]kfnL sf+u|];n] e"ld;'wf/, ldl>t cy{tGq, ufpFdf &) k|ltzt ah]6, !) jif{df vfg]kfgLsf] ;d:of ;dfwfg, ;a} lhNnf ;b/d'sfd;Dd ;8s oftfoft / !% jif{df ;Dk"0f{ hgtfsf b}lgs cfjZostfsf] kl/k"lt{ dfq xf]Og dgf]/+hgsf] ;d]t cfjZostf k"lt{ ug]{ 3f]if0ff u/]sf] lyof] . sf+u|];sf] ;/sf/ ag]kl5 Tof] ;/sf/n] hgtfsf] aLrdf u/]sf afrfsf] 7Ls pN6f] cfly{s / ljsf; ;DaGwL gLlt ;+rfng u¥of] . @)%! ;fnsf] cfdlgjf{rgdf cfOk'Ubf g]kfnL sf+u|]; @)$* sf] k|ltj4tfaf6 ;d]t kl5 x6\of] . clxn] g]kfnL sf+u|]; p;sf] ljsf; ;DaGwL cfofltt ;f]raf6 b]zdf pTkGg uDeL/ kl/l:yltn] ubf{ s'lx/f]sf] sfu ag]sf]5 .

cfkm"leqsf] Jofks km"6 / u'6jGbLdfly kbf{ xfNg g]kfnL sf+u|];n] hlt;'s} k|oTg u/] klg Tof] 5f]lkPsf] 5}g . ljutdf u0f]zdfg l;+x h:tf JolQmn] g]kfnL sf+u|];df gc6fP/ kf6L{ kl/Tofu ug'{k/]sf] lyof] . s]xL ;docl3 sf]O/fnf / e§/fO{ u'6df ljeflht sf+u|]; clxn] cg]sf}+ pku'6df afFl8Psf] 5 . aflx/af6 ;Unf] b]lvP klg leqaf6 sf+u|]; Ift–ljIft eO;s]sf] 5 . t?0fbnsf] :yfkgfåf/f e|i6frf/, c/fhstf / u'08fubL{nfO{ ;+:yfut ul/Psf] 5 . c/fhstf, cg'zf;gxLgtf / r/d :jfy{sf] cfxfndf Tof] r'n'{Dd 8'a]sf] 5 . o;af6 hgtfsf] Wofg cGoq df]8\g ;lsG5 ls eg]/ g]kfnL sf+u|];sf g]tfx¿ cfkm"ljrsf] s[ltd Pstf b]vfP/ c? kf6L{sf] k'm6sf] s'/f p5fNg] k|oTg ul//x]sf 5g\ .

!=# cGo /fhgLlts zlQmx¿sf] l:ylt M clglZrttf / a]lylt

d'n'ssf] jt{dfg kl/l:yltnfO{ ljZn]if0f ug]{ qmddf jt{dfg cj:yfdf xfd|f] b]zdf s] s:tf /fhgLlts kf6L{ / zlQmx¿ lqmofzLn 5g\ / pgLx¿sf] l:ylt / p2]Zo s] 5 eGg] af/]df klg ;fdfGo ljZn]if0f ug'{ h?/L 5 .

-s_ k'g?TyfgjfbL zlQm M

k"j{ k~rx¿, ;fdGtx¿ / gf]s/zfxx¿sf] Pp6f lx:;f ax'bnLo Joj:yf :yfkgfsf] a]nfb]lv g} o; Joj:yfsf lj?4 ljleGg vfn] if8\oGqdf nflu/x]sf lyP . ltgLx¿ ljut gf} jif{df g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] ;/sf/n] l;h{gf u/]s]f lbzfxLgtf, cGof}n / eb|uf]naf6 kmfObf p7fP/ olta]nf leqleq} hgtfnfO{ o; Joj:yfs} lj?4 e8\sfpg] sfd ul//x]sf 5g\ . pgLx¿ ax'bnLo Joj:yfnfO{ c;kmn kfg]{ b':k|of; ul//x]sf 5g\ . pgLx¿ d'n'sdf czflGt dRrfpg], ;dfhdf c/fhstf km}nfpg] / ;se/ cfdlgjf{rg g} x'g glbg] sf]lz;df 5g\ . olb r'gfj eof] g} eg] klg ;s];Dd s'g} klg kf6L{nfO{ ax'dt Nofpg glbg] / d'n'sdf cl:y/tf, cGof}n / c/fhstfnfO{ hf/L /fv]/ cfkm\gf k|hftGq lj/f]wL if8\oGqsf lglDt cg's"n l:ylt l;h{gf ug{] sf]lz; ul//x]sf 5g\ . To;sf lglDt logLx¿ Dffcf]jfbL cft+ssf/Lb]lv lnP/ ;a} k|sf/sf ax'bn lj/f]wL zlQmx¿nfO{ kl/rflnt ug{ klg sf]lz; ul//x]sf 5g\ . cfufdL cfdlgjf{rg ;kmntfk"j{s ;DkGg x'g' dfq logLx?sf] if8oGqnfO{ lakmn kfg]{ bLzfdf Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ sbd x'g]5 .

-v_ /fli6«o k|hftGq kf6L{ M

of] kf6L{ s]xL ;docl3 cfk\mg} cfGtl/s lj/f]wn] ubf{ yfkf ;d"x / rGb ;d"x u/L b'O{ ;d"xdf ljeflht ePsf] 5 . ltgLx¿dWo] yfkf ;d"x k'g?TyfgjfbLx¿sf] lgjf{rg g} x'g glbg] if8\oGqsf ljk/Lt ;dod} cfufdL lgjf{rg x'g'k5{ eGg] kIfdf b]lvof] . oL b'a} k"j{ k+rsf kf6L{x¿ g} x'g\ . pgLx¿sf] cj:yf v:sFbf] 5 . pgLx¿sf lglDt hgcfsif{0f k|fKt ug]{ / r'gfjdf ljho xf;Ln ug]{ s'g} u'~hfo; 5}g . To;}n] pgLx¿ cfufdL lgjf{rgdf ;s];Dd s'g} klg kf6L{nfO{ ax'dtdf cfpg glbg], cfˆgf] ;L6;+Vof a9fpg], cfˆgf lglDt rnv]n ;lhnf] kfg]{ / ljutdf ;+;bdf v]lnPsf v]nx¿nfO{ hf/L /fVg] dgl:yltdf 5g\ . xfdLn] pgLx¿sf oL rfnx¿;Fu xf]lzof/ x'g'k5{ / g]kfnL sf+u|];af6 x'g;Sg] wfFwnL / if8\oGqsf lj?4 Pstfa4 x'g] ;+efjgfnfO{ klg Wofgdf /fVg'k5{ .

-u_ g]kfn ;b\efjgf kf6L{ M

Tof] klg ;dod} lgjf{rg xf];\ eGg] kIfdf 5 / jt{dfg ;+o'Qm ;/sf/df klg ;fd]n 5 . t/ Tof] t/fO{jf;L hgtfx¿nfO{ e8\sfpg], ;fDk|bflos / If]qLotfjfbL efjgf km}nfpg], cfˆgf] ;L6;+Vof ;+;bdf lj:tf/ ug]{ t/ ;+;bdf ;se/ s;}nfO{ ax'dtdf cfpg glbg] kIfdf g} 5 . lsgeg] Tof] klg ljutsf] lqz+s' ;+;baf6 pTkÌ x'g] nfedf klNsPsf] 5 . p;sf oL unt lrGtg, sfd / p2]Zo;Fu xfdLn] xf]lzof/ x'g'k5{ . ltgLx¿sf unt gLltx¿sf] v08g ug'{k5{ . ;fy} g]kfnL sf+u|];af6 x'g;Sg] wfFwnL / if8\oGqsf lj?4 Pstfa4 aGg] ;+efjgfnfO{ klg ljrf/ ug'{k5{ .

3_ g]dlskf -/f]lxt u'6_ M

To; u'6n] cfkm"nfO{ jfdkGyL eg] klg Tof] Pp6f lgDg k"FhLjfbL hdft xf] . To;n] ljutsf] lqz+s' ;+;baf6 ;w}el/ k|ltlqmofjfbLx¿nfO{ ;3fpg] sfd u¥of], xfd|f] kf6L{sf] lj?4 k|ltlqmofjfbLx¿n] /r]sf if8\oGqx¿df ;xof]uL aGg] sfd u¥of] . To;sf] hgfwf/ ;fF3'l/+b} uPsf] 5 . Tof] klg ;+;b\df s;}sf] klg ax'dt gcfcf];\ eGg] rfxG5 / d'n'snfO{ cl:y/tf tyf cGof}nlt/} ws]Ng rfxG5 . To;sf o:tf unt p2]Zo, sfd / Jojxf/sf] b[9tfk"j{s v08g ug'{k5{ .

ª_ g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ M

of] Pp6f c/fhstfjfbL / cftÍsf/L u''6 xf] . of] æhgo'4Æ / æqmflGtÆ sf gfpFdf g]kfnL sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngsf] d"n k|jfxsf] ¿kdf /x]sf] xfd|f] kf6L{sf sfo{stf{ / pDd]bjf/x¿ ;d]tsf] xTof ug]{ h:tf ck/fwk"0f{ sfdx? ul//x]sf] 5 . of] cftÍsf/L u'6 ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfnfO{ n'6\g], cfqmd0f ug]{, xTof ug]{, cft+s dRrfpg] / sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngnfO{ ab\gfd ug]{ sfd ul//x]sf] 5 . jf:tjdf To;n] hlt;'s} qmfGtLsf] l;BfGtsf s'/f u/] klg Tof] b]zL ljb]zL k|ltlqmofjfbLx¿sf] Pp6f xltof/sf ¿kdf lqmofzLn 5 . To;sf x/]s ljrf/ / Jojxf/n] k|ltlqmofjfbLx¿nfO{ ;]jf k'¥ofO/x]sf] 5 . oltj]nf of] cfdlgjf{rg x'g glbgsf lglDt æ;lqmo alx:sf/Æ sf gfddf k'g?TyfgjfbL k|ltlqmofjfbLx¿;Fu xft]dfnf] u/]/ lx+l8/x]sf]5 . lx+;f, xTof, cft+s, n'6kf6 h:tf k|oTgåf/f cfdlgjf{rg x'g glbgsf lglDt Tof] u'6 nfluk/]sf] 5 . To; u'6sf cft+sjfbL, k|hftGq lj/f]wL, dfgjclwsf/ lj/f]wL / hglj/f]wL lqmofsnfkx¿sf] 86]/ lj/f]w / e08fkmf]/ ug'{k5{ . ;fy} cft+ssf/L k|j[lQnfO{ k/f:t ug{ cfd hgtfnfO{ kl/rflnt ub}{ cl3 a9\g'k5{ .

r_ g]skf -Pstf s]Gb|_ M

of] Pp6f jfdkGyL ;d"x xf] . Tof] klg ljleÌ vfn] pu|jfdkGyL lrGtgaf6 u|:t 5 t/ oltj]nf Tof] cfdlgjf{rgdf ;xefuL alg/x]sf] 5 . of] ;d"x r'gfj ;dod} ;DkGg ug]{ kIfdf 5 . g]kfnL sf+u|]; / k'g?TyfgjfbLx¿sf if8\oGqx¿k|lt Ps xb;Dd ;r]t 5 . lgjf{rgsf qmddf To; ;d"x;Fu vf;–vf; If]qdf tfnd]n klg ;+ej 5 . oL ;a} s'/fnfO{ x]b}{ To; ;d"x;Fu xfdLn] Pstf / ;+3if{sf] k|lqmofnfO{ xf]lzof/L;fy cl3 a9fpg' k5{ .

5_ g]skf -d;fn_ M

of] csf]{ jfdkGyL ;d"x xf] . of] klg Ps jf csf]{ pu| jfdkGyL ;+sL0f{ lrGtgaf6 u|l;t 5 . t/ Tof] klg olt a]nf cfdlgjf{rgdf ;xefuL alg/x]sf] 5 . k'g?TyfgjfbLx¿ / sf+u|];Lx¿sf if8\oGqk|lt of] ;d"x Ps xb;Dd ;r]t 5 . lgjf{rgsf qmddf To; ;d"x;Fu klg vf;–vf; If]qdf tfnd]nsf ;+efjgf 5g\ . xfdLn] To; ;d"x;Fu klg Pstf / ;+3if{sf] k|lqmofnfO{ xf]lzof/Lk"j{s cl3 a9fpg h?/L 5 .

h_ dfn] u'6 M

Tof] Pp6f c/fhstfjfbL / cj;/jfbL u'6 xf] . Tof] cfˆgf JolQmut dxTjfs+fIff, kbnf]n'ktf, cg'zf;gxLgtf / lgDg k"FhLjfbL 3d08sf sf/0fn] xfd|f] kf6L{sf] ;+;bLobnaf6 Ps jif{ cl3 rf]Ol6P/ ag]sf] u'6 xf] . Tof] ljleÌ vfn] t:s/, sfnfahf/Lofx¿ / ;fdGtL ef/bf/x¿sf] Ozf/fdf rln/x]sf] 5 . clxn] Tof] klg r'gfjdf ;xefuL aGb} 5 . To;n] cGo jfd;d"x¿nfO{ xfd|f] kf6L{sf lj?4 pS;fpg] c;kmn sf]l;; klg ul//x]sf] 5 . To;n] dfcf]jfbLx¿;Fu u'Kt ;fF7ufF7 klg /flv/x]sf] 5 . Tof] ;d"x k'g?TyfgjfbL zlQmx¿;Fu leq–leq} ;fF7ufF7 klg ul//x]sf] 5 / ljleGg vfn] /fhgLlts zlQmx¿;Fu tfnd]nsf lglDt sf]lz; klg ul//x]sf] 5 . Tof] b]zel/ hxfF;Dd ;+ej x'G5 xfd|f] kf6L{sf pDd]bjf/x¿nfO{ x/fpg] Ps ;'qLo sfo{qmd af]s]/ lx8]sf]5 . Tof] klg s;}n] ax'dt gNofcf];\ eGg] kIfdf 5 / k'g?TyfgjfbLx¿sf] if8\oGqnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofO/x]sf] 5 . t/ of] u'6 cfd hgtf / sfo{stf{af6 b]ze/d} lt/is[t / alxis[t ag]sf] 5 . cfufdL r'gfjdf To;sf] zd{gfs k/fho lglZrt 5 .

o;} qmddf /fli6«o /fhgLltdf cGo ljleGg /fhgLlts bnx¿ klg b]vfkl//x]sf 5g\ . oL dWo] sltko bnx¿ s]jn r'gfjsf a]nf dfq ;Nanfpg] ub{5g\ . sf]xL JolQmljz]ifsf] :jfy{ cg'¿k b]vfkb{5g\ . sf]xL 8fxf, O{iof{ / å]ifsf] ;fwgf ug{ v'n]sf 5g\ . sf]xL k'g?TyfgjfbL lqmofsnfk ;+rfng ug{ cufl8 cfPsf 5g\ eg] sf]xL /fhgLlts ;f]vsf nflu klg v'n]sf 5g\ . o:tf ljleGg /fhgLlts bnx¿ blIf0fkGyL / jfdkGyL b'j} v]dfdf b]lvPsf 5g\ . r'gfj cleofgsf qmddf o:tf ;fgfltgf ;d"xx¿sf] vf; e"ldsf /xg] 5}g . xfd|f] kf6L{afx]s cGo /fhgLlts bn / JolQmx¿ s;}sf] klg jt{dfg cj:yfdf d'n'snfO{ cufl8 a9fpg ;Sg] ;f]r / Ifdtf 5}g . To;dWo] k'g?TyfgjfbLx¿ / cftÍjfbLx¿ ax'bnLo Joj:yfs} lj?4 5g\ / hgtfsf] k|hftflGqs efjgf lj?4 5g\ . pgLx¿sf hglj/f]wL / k|hftGq lj/f]wL if8\oGqx¿nfO{ k/f:t gu/L d'n'snfO{ ;sf/fTds lbzfdf cl3 a9fpg ;+ej 5}g .

@= d'n'ssf] jt{dfg cledt M Pdfn]sf] ax'dtsf] ;/sf/

o;/L d'n'sdf ljBdfg cGo /fhgLlts zlQmx¿af6 b]z / hgtfnfO{ gofF lbzf lbg ljNs'n g} ;+ej 5}g . g]kfnL sf+u|];af6 klg /fi6«n] Ifdtfk"0f{ g]t[Tj k|fKt ug]{ l:ylt 5}g . Tof] cfkm} ck|hftflGqs z}nL / cfr/0f b]vfp+b} cfPsf] 5 . Tof] xfd|f] kf6L{sf] lg/Gt/ k|oTgn] ubf{ dfq ;+o'Qm ;/sf/df a;]sf] 5 / @)%^ j}zfv dlxgfleqdf lgjf{rg u/fpg ;xdt klg ePsf] 5 . t/ Tof] cem} k'g?TyfgjfbLx¿sf] k|efjaf6 d'Qm 5}g . Tof] cem} klg ;fd, bfd, b08, e]b ;a} s'/fsf] k|of]u ub}{ ax'dt k|fKt ug{ 6'KkL s;]/ nfu]sf] 5 . To;n] ;+o'Qm ;/sf/df a;]/ klg :jtGq / lgikIf lgjf{rg ;DkGg u/fpgsf lglDt kfngf ug'{kg]{ cfr/0f b]vfpg ;s]sf] 5}g . g]kfnL sf+u|]; qmlds¿kdf ktg x'g yfn]sf] kf6L{ xf] . ljutsf r'gfjx¿Aff6 g} Tof] s'/f k|i6 eO;s]sf] 5 . To;nfO{ hgtfk|lt / hgdtk|lt ljZjf; 5}g . To;nfO{ k|hftflGqs kl/kf6Lk|lt klg ljZjf; 5}g . To;}sf/0f Tof] cGo ;fwgx¿sf] ;fxf/f lng afWo eO/x]sf] 5 . To;n] cfkm" ;Qfdf a;]/ cfrf/–;+lxtfsf] pNn+3g ul//x]sf] 5 . ;+rf/–dfWodsf] Jofks ¿kn] b'¿kof]u ul//x]sf] 5 . Tof] ljut )!% ;fnsf] cfdlgjf{rg / )$( ;fnsf] :yfgLo lgjf{rgsf gsf/fTds k|j[lQnfO{ km]l/ bf]xf]¥ofpg] lgisif{df k'u]sf] 5 . To;}n] cfˆgf] lglxt :jfy{k"lt{sf lglDt æ;'/Iffsf] xfpu'hLÆ b]vfP/ k'g?TyfgjfbLx¿;Fu ;fF7ufF7 ub{} cfufdL lgjf{rgdf wfFwnL / if8\oGq x'g] ;+efjgfnfO{ a9fPsf] 5 . xfd|f] kf6L{ b]zJofkL ¿kdf g} g]kfnL sf+u|];sf hglj/f]wL, k|hftGq lj/f]wL, /fli6«otf lj/f]wL / hghLljsf lj/f]wL gLlt, sfo{ / Jojxf/sf] e08fkmf]/ ul//x]sf] 5 . hgtfnfO{ ;r]t agfO/x]sf] 5 . To;qmddf g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] hgfwf/ lg/Gt/ ;fF3'l/Fb} uPsf] 5 . lxhf] e|da; dt xfNg] nfvf} hgtfn] sf+u|];nfO{ 5f]l8/x]sf 5g\ / xfd|f] kf6L{tkm{ cfO/x]sf 5g\ . Tolt dfq xf]Og v'b sf+u|];leq} cGtlj{/f]w / u'6aGbL hf/L 5 . cem xfn} u/]sf] pDd]bjf/L rog kl5 g]kfnL sf+u|];leq b]zJofkL ¿kdf v'Nnf ljb|f]x g} b]vfk/]sf] 5 . To;}n] g]kfnL sf+u|]; eg]sf] Pp6f blIf0fkGyL / k|ltlqmofjfbL kf6L{ dfq xf]Og, Tof] Pp6f c/fhs / cg'zf;gxLg dflg;x¿sf] df]rf{ dfq xf] eGg] s'/fnfO{ klg k|dfl0ft u/]sf] 5 . Tof] kf6L{n] ljut )$* ;fnb]lv h'g k|lta4tf hfx]/ ub}{ cfPsf] 5, ltgLx¿ s]xL klg k"/f u/]sf] 5}g . p;;+u hgtf / /fi6«nfO{ jt{dfg ;+s6k"0f{ cj:yfjf6 cu|ulttkm{ cl3 a9fpg] s'g} gofF kl/sNkgf, b[li6sf]0f, gLlt / of]hgf klg 5}g . o;n] g]kfnL hgtf l;t ax'dtsf] dfu ug]{ clwsf/ ;d]t u'dfO ;s]sf] 5 .

g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] ;/sf/sf] sfo{sfndf pTkGg /fhgLlts cl:y/tf, To;n] ljsf; / ;fdflhs hLjgdf kf/]sf] gsf/fTds k|efjaf6 kmfObf p7fP/ d'n'snfO{ :yfoL ;+s6tkm{ 3r]6\g]x¿ klg ;lqmo eO/x]sf 5g\ . o:tf] cj:yfdf cfdlgjf{rgdf s:tf] ljsNk /f]Hg' plrt x'G5 t eGg] k|Zgdf cfb/0fLo dtbftf hgtfn] ulxl/P/ ljrf/ ug}{k5{ . jt{dfgsf r'gf}tLk"0f{ ;d:ofx¿nfO{ ;dfwfg u/L /fi6«nfO{ s] g]kfnL sf+u|];n] cufl8 a9fpg ;S5 < s] /fk|kfn] ;S5 < s] dfn] h:tf] cj;/jfbL u'6n] ;S5 < s] cGo ;fgfltgf kf6L{x¿n] ;S5g\ < ljutsf cg'ej / Jojxf/n] eG5g\ – ltgLx¿ s;}n] klg b]z / hgtfnfO{ cfhsf ;d:ofx¿af6 d'Qm ug{ ;Sb}gg\ . cNkdtsf] ;/sf/ jf sdhf]/ ;+o'Qm ;/sf/n] klg oL ;d:of / r'gf}tLx¿sf] ;dfwfg ug{ ;Sb}g . To;f] eP s] ug]{ t <

ca d'n'ssf] g]t[Tj ug{;Sg] Ps dfq kf6L{sf ¿kdf xfd|f] kf6L{ g]skf -Pdfn]_ pkl:yt ePsf] 5 . of] kf6L{sf] ax'dtsf] ;/sf/ agfP/ dfq d'n'ssf] /fli6«otfnfO{ ;+/If0f ug{ ;lsg]5, k|fKt k|hftGqnfO{ ;'b[9 ug{ ;lsg]5, hgd'vL ljsf; / lgdf{0fsf] nx/ ;[hgf ug{ ;lsg]5, hgtfsf hghLljsf ;+aGwL ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg ug{ ;lsg]5, ;fdflhs Gofo :yfkgf ug{ ;lsg]5 . o;/L /fi6«nfO{ cfd"n kl/jt{gsf] lbzfdf cl3 a9fpFb} hgtfsf] ax'bnLo hgjfbsf] :yfkgf ug{] cg's"n jftfj/0f l;h{gf ug{ ;lsg]5 . hgtf / /fi6«nfO{ To;/L cl3 a9fpg] xfd|f] kf6L{;Fu :ki6 kl/sNkgf 5, 7f]; gLlt sfo{qmd / of]hgf 5g\ . ltgLx¿nfO{ nfu" ug]{ xfd|f] kf6L{;Fu Ifdtf, cfF6 / hfFu/ 5 . xfd|f] kf6L{;Fu ax'dt k|fKt ug{;Sg] /fi6«JofkL ;+u7gfTds cfwf/ 5, nfvf+} sfo{stf{sf] ch]o zlQm 5 . ufpF, gu/ / lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltdf b]zJofkL ¿kdf ljhoL ag]sf hgk|ltlglwx¿sf] ;xof]u 5 . b]zJofkL ¿kdf pn{bf] hgnx/sf] ;dy{g 5 / xfd|f] kf6L{sf] ljho ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnL hgtfsf] rfxgf / cfjZostf ag]sf] 5 . /fi6«sf] of] rfxgf / efjgfnfO{ dgg u/]/ g} cfb/0fLo g]kfnL hgtf;Fu g]skf -Pdfn]_ cfkmgf] kf6L{sf] ax'dtsf] ;/sf/sf] dfu ub{5 .

#= hgtfsf] ax'bnLo hgjfb M dfS;{jfbsf] l;h{gfTds k|of]usf] cfwf/

hgtfsf] ax'bnLo hgjfbsf] l;4fGtnfO{ cl3 a9fpF+b} cw{;fdGtL / cw{cf}klgj]lzs cj:yfaf6 b]znfO{ d'Qm u/]/ Gofok"0f{ / ;dtfd"ns ;dfhsf] lgdf{0f ug{ g]skf -Pdfn]_ sl6a4 5 . hgtfsf] ax'bnLo hgjfbsf] sfo{qmdsf] tTsflns nIo xf;Ln ug{ ax'dtsf] ;/sf/ xfl;n u/L clwstd k|ultzLn ;'wf/sf sfo{x¿ cl3 a9fOg]5 . o; qmddf ;dfhdf JofKt zf]if0f, e]befj / lyrf]ldrf]nfO{ vtd ub}{ pTkfbs zlQmsf] ljsf; u/L /fli6«o cy{tGqsf] ljsf; ug{ g]skf -Pdfn]_ b[9 5 . /fli6«o ;fwg / ;|f]tx¿sf] k"0f{¿kdf pkof]u Pj+ kl/rfng ub}{ g]kfnnfO{ Pp6f ;d[4, :jfledfgL / :jtGq b]zsf] ¿kdf cu|;/ u/fpg] sfo{qmd g]skf -Pdfn]_ n] to u/]sf] 5 .

d'n's / hgtfn] ;fdgf ul//x]sf] u/LjL, clzIff, dxFuL, cefj / a]/f]huf/L h:tf ;d:ofx¿sf] ;dfwfg ug{ plrt kfOnf rfNg g]skf -Pdfn]_ tTk/ 5 . o;sf nflu ljZj cy{tGq tyf lj1fg / k|ljlwdf ePsf] kl/jt{g Pj+ ljsf;nfO{ b]zsf] lxt / cfjZostf cg's"n pkof]u ug]{ g]skf -Pdfn]_ sf] gLlt /x]sf] 5 .

b]znfO{ ljsf;sf] af6f]df cl3 a9fO/xFbf ;xL /fhgLlts lrGtg / sfo{z}nLsf] /Iffdf klg g]skf -Pdfn]_ lqmofzLn /xg]5 . jfdkGyL cfGbf]ngnfO{ e|ldt / sdhf]/ t'Nofpg] blIf0fkGyL cj;/jfb Pj+ pu|jfdkGyL c/fhstfjfbsf lj?4 ;+3if{ hf/L /xg]5 . lj;h{gjfbL af6f]df nfu]sf ;d"xx¿ / cft+sjfbL lqmofsnfkåf/f qmflGt x'G5 eGg] unt ;f]raf6 lgb]{lzt ultljlwx¿n] jfdkGyL cfGbf]ngnfO{ Iflt k'¥ofpg] dfq xf]Og b]z / hgtfnfO{ ;+s6tkm{ 3r]6\g ;S5g\ . o:tf ;d"xsf c/fhstfjfbL / cj:t'jfbL gLlt Pj+ sfdx¿sf lj?4 xfdL ;a}n] ;r]t x'g}k5{ . logLx¿sf unt gf/fx¿af6 k|efljt geO{ cfdlgjf{rgdf hgtfsf] ax'bnLo hgjfbL sfo{qmdsf] kIfdf ;lqmo /xg g]skf -Pdfn]_ hg;d'bfonfO{ cg'/f]w ub{5 .

$= g]skf -Pdfn]_ nfO{ g} ax'dt lsg < b]znfO{ hgd'vL ;/sf/ / ;d'Gglt lbg

b]zn] cf7 jif{ otf ax'dtsf], cNkdtsf] tyf ;+o'Qm ;/sf/sf] cg'ej ul/;s]sf] 5 . cNkdtsf] ;/sf/ cl:y/ x'g] u/]sf] / ;+o'Qm ;/sf/ /fhgLlts b[li6sf]0f, ljsf;k|ltsf] ;f]r / hgtfk|ltsf] pQ/bfloTjsf] lgtfGt leGg–leGg wf/0ffsf sf/0f ;xh¿kdf rNg g;Sg] cg'ej klg k|fKt eO;s]sf] 5 . ax'dts} ;/sf/ klg g]kfnL sf+u|];n] eg] rnfpg g;s]sf] / b]znfO{ dWofjlw r'gfjdf ws]n]sf] cg'ej klg xfdL;Fu 5 . t;y{ sf+u|];nfO{ ax'dtsf] ;/sf/ dfUg] clwsf/ 5}g . cGo /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿ ax'dtsf] ;/sf/ :yfkgf ug{ ;Sg] l:yltdf g/x]sf / oL kf6L{x¿df dt ljefhg ePdf b]z km]l/ lqz+s' ;+;bsf] sf/0f cl:y/tf, cGof]n / c/fhstfsf] lzsf/ aGg'kg]{ vt/f /fi6«;fd' 5 . ax'dtsf] ;/sf/ lbg ;Sg] j}slNks /fhgLlts kf6L{ g]skf -Pdfn]_ dfq xf] eGg] s'/f b]zsf] oyfy{ xf] . /fi6«, /fli6«otf, / ljsf;k|lt :ki6 b[li6sf]0f / k|lta4tf ePsf] o; kf6L{n] dfq b]zsf] ;du| ;fdflhs, cfly{s, ;f+:s[lts ljsf; ug{ ;Qm5 . ljBdfg /fli6«o r'gf}tLx¿sf] ;fdgf ub}{ b]znfO{ k|ult / cfd"n kl/jt{gsf] lbzfdf cl3 a9fpg g]skf -Pdfn]_ cfdlgjf{rgaf6 ax'dt k|fKt ;/sf/ u7g u/L lgDg k|sf/sf gLlt, sfo{qmd / sfo{of]hgf sfof{Gjog ub}{ hfg] ;+sNk ub{5 .

$=! ax'bnLo k|0ffnLsf] ;'b[9Ls/0f M k|hftflGqs kl/kf6Lsf] ;Da4{g

$=@ k|hftflGqs ;dfhsf] cfwf/ M dfgj clwsf/

$=# zflGt ;'/Iffsf] Joa:yf M /fi6« ljsf;df 6]jf

$=$ sfg"gL /fHo / Gofok"0f{ ;dfh M lgd'vf hgtfsf] cfjfh

$=% kf6L{ / hgtfsf] cfnf] 3fpm M bf;9'+ufsf ck/fwL kQf nufpm

$=^ e|i6frf/ pGd"ng M kf/bzL{ / hgd'vL k|zf;g

$=& b]z ljsf;sf] b"/b[li6 M u/LjLsf] cGTo / /fi6«sf] ;d[l4

$=* cfjlws / bL3{sfnLg of]hgfsf] cjnDagM ;fdflhs–cfly{s ljsf; / If]qLo ;Gt'ng

$=( /fh:jsf] Jofks j[l4 M d'n'ssf] lbuf] ljsf; / ;d[l4

$=!) afx\o k""hLsf] pkof]u M pRr cfly{s j[l4 / k|ljlw ljsf;df ;xof]u

$=!! 5gf}6k"0f{ lghLs/0f M ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgsf] ;'b[9Ls/0f

$=!@ Jofkf/ tyf e'QmfgL l:yltdf ;'wf/ M cy{tGqsf] p4f/

 

$=!# lghL If]qnfO{ k|f]T;fxg M k""hLsf] lgdf{0f / kl/rfng

$=!$ u|fxsd'vL a}+s;]jfsf] k|Tofe"lt M u/LanfO{ /fxtsf] cg'e"lt

 

$=!% ;'ne cfk"lt{ / d"NolgoGq0f M ljkGg ju{sf] lxt ;+/If0f

$=!^ s[lif k|0ffnLdf qmflGtsf/L ;'wf/ M ;fdGtL e":jfldTj ;dflKtsf] cfwf/

$=!& l;+rfOsf] lj:tf/ M s[lifdf /Qm;+rf/

$=!* jgh+unsf] ;+/If0f M :jR5 jftfj/0fsf] k|j4{g

 

$=!( Jojl:yt j;f]jf; M ;'s'Djf;LnfO{ cfjf;

$=@) hn;|f]tsf] ax'kIfLo pkof]u M /fli6«o lxt / ;d[l4df ;xof]u

$=@! cf}Bf]uLs/0fsf] nx/ M :jfwLg cy{tGq lgdf{0fsf] cfwf/

$=@@ cfly{s k5f}6]kgsf] lgsf; M ko{6g If]qsf] ljsf;

 

$=@# ef}lts ljsf;sf] d'Vo cfwf/ M d'n'se/ oftfoftsf] lj:tf/

$=@$ :jfoQ / lhDd]jf/ ;+rf/ M hgtfsf] ;';"lrt x'g] clwsf/

$=@% PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLsf nflu lj1fg / k|ljlw M d'n'ssf] cfw'lgsLs/0f / pGglt

 

$=@^ lzIff ;a}sf] hGdl;4 clwsf/ M dfgj ljsf;sf] d"n cfwf/

$=@& :jf:Yo ;]jfdf ;'wf/ M /f]ud'Qm ;dfhsf] cfwf/

 

$=@* :yfgLo lgsfonfO{ :jzf;g M hg;xeflutfd"ns :yfgLo ljsf;sf] cjnDjg

$=@( dlxnf / k'?ifsf] ;dfg clwsf/ M ;dfhsf] pTyfg / ljsf;sf] cfwf/

$=#) afn clwsf/sf] ;'/Iff M ;'gf}nf] eljiosf] ;'lglZrttf

$=#! ;Dk"0f{ hflt, hghflt, efiff, wd{ / ;+:s[ltnfO{ ;dfg clwsf/ M ;';+:s[t, ;Eo / ;b\efjk"0f{

;dfhsf] cfwf/

 

 

$=#@ pTs[i6 snf, ;flxTo, ;+:s[lt M /fli6«o uf}/jsf] cEo'Gglt

$=## j[4 / c;xfox¿sf] lxt M ;xL cy{df k|hftGqsf] hLt

$=#$ a]/f]huf/L tyf u/LjL lgjf/0f M lgDg cfo ju{sf] ;zlQms/0f

$=#% hg;+Vof lgoGq0f M cfly{s ljsf; / jftfj/0f ;+/If0f

$=#^ >lds ju{sf] xs lxtsf] ;+/If0f M >dsf] ;Ddfg / k|ultsf] kIfkf]if0f

$=#& v]ns"b ljsf;df of]ubfg M :j:y hLjg / cg'zf;g

$=#* k|jf;L g]kfnLx¿sf] ;/f]sf/ M cGt/f{li6«o xs / clwsf/

$=#( k//fi6« gLltsf] ;+rfng M kf/:kl/s lxt / ;Ddfg

cfb/0fLo lbbLalxgL tyf bfh'efO,

cfufdL lgjf{rgsf lgldQ xfd|f] kf6L{n] cl3 ;f/]sf k|lta4tf log} x'g\ . log} k|lta4tfsf;fy r'gfjL k|lt:kwf{sf] cleofgdf xfd|f] kf6L{ ;xefuL alg/x]sf] 5 . To;nfO{ p2]Zod"ns 9+Ën] cl3 a9fpg' h?/L 5 . of] g]kfnL hgtfsf] /fli6«o :jtGqtf / ;fdflhs d'lQmsf lglDtsf]] bL3{sfnLg ;+3if{s} Ps efu xf] . To; ;+3if{nfO{ xfd|f] kf6L{n] ljut %) jif{b]lv cu'jfO ub}{ cfO/x]s]f 5 . r'gfjL cleofg pQm bL3{sfnLg ju{;+3if{s} Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ s8L xf] . of] cleofg xfdL g]kfnL sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngsf] :j0f{hoGtL jif{df ;+rfng ul//x]sf 5f}+ . o; jif{nfO{ xfdLn] ljut %) jif{sf cg'ejx¿ / pknlAwx¿nfO{ ;d]6]/ Pp6f gofF ;kmntfsf] jif{sf] ¿kdf dgfpg' h?/L 5 . cfufdL cfdlgjf{rgdf ljho xfl;n ug]{ / d'n'sdf ax'dtsf] ;/sf/ :yfkgf ug]{ sfd u/]/ g} xfdLx¿ :j0f{hoGtL jif{nfO{ klg ;fy{s¿kdf dgfpg ;Sg]5f}+ . To;} sf/0f xfd|f] kf6L{ cfufdL @) jif{sf] kl/sNkgf tyf ;f]r / cfufdL kfFr jif{df ug]{ sfd{qmlds k|lta4tfsf;fy tkfO{+x¿sf ;dIf cfO/x]sf] 5 .

xfd|f] kf6L{ g]kfnL sf+u|]; / cGo zlQmx¿n] h:tf] em'7f] cfZjf;g / vf]qmf k|lta4tfx¿ Aff]s]/ cfO/x]s]f 5}g . xfdLx¿ h] af]N5f}+, ToxL u5f+}{ / xfdLx¿ h] ug{ rfxG5f}+, ToxL af]ln/x]sf 5f}+ . xfdL tL af]nLnfO{ sfo{df ptfg]{ Pp6f alnof] c7f]6 / uDeL/ ;+sNk lnP/ cfO/x]sf 5f}}+ . xfdL xfd|f] Kof/f] dft[e"ldsf] sfofsNk ug]{ b[9 k|lta4tf af]s]/ cfO/x]sf 5f}+ . xfdL ;Dk"0f{ hgtf / /fi6«nfO{ Pp6f pHofnf] eljiolt/ 8f]¥ofpg sl6a4 5f}+ . t;y{ oL p2]Zox? / k|lta4tfx¿nfO{ Jojxf/df ptfg{ cfufdL lgjf{rgdf ;"o{ lrGxdf dtbfg u/L gofF g]kfnsf] lgdf{0fdf b[9tfk"j{s ;xefuL x'g :jb]z / k|jf;df /xg'ePsf ;Dk"0f{ b]zeQm, Gofok|]dL, k|hftGqk|]dL / ljj]szLn g]kfnLx¿nfO{ g]skf -Pdfn]_ xflb{s cfJxfg ub{5 .

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