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South Asia

Low Income

Population(millions)	23	Population growth(%)	2.3
Surface area(1000 sq.km)	147	Population per sq.km	164
GNI($ millions)	5,173	GNI per capita($)	220

	1990	1998	1999
People
Life expectancy(years)	54	57	58
Fertility rate(births per woman)	5.3	4.4	4.3
Infant mortality rate(per 1000 live births)	101	79	75
Under 5 mortality rate(per 1000 children)	138	117	109
Child malnutrition(% of children under 5)		47
Urban population(% of total)	9	11	12
Rural population density(per km² arable land)	748	700
Illiteracy male(% of people 15 and above)	53	43	42
Illiteracy female(% of people 15 and above)	86	78	77
Net primary enrollment(% of relevant age group)	64
Net secondary enrollment(% of relevant age group)	23
Girls in primary school(% of enrollment)	36	41
Girls in secondary school(% of enrollment)	29	37

Environment
Forest(1000 sq.km)	47		39
Deforestration(% change 1990-2000)			1.8
Water use(% of total resources)			13.8
CO₂ emissions(metric tons per capita)	0.0	0.1
Access to improved water sources (% of urban pop.)	96		85
Access to sanitation(% of urban pop.)	68	34	75
Energy use per capita(kg of oil equivalent)	324	343
Electricity use per capita(kwh)	32	47

Economy
GDP ($ millions)	3628	4852	4995
GDP growth (annual %)	4.6	3.0	3.9
GDP implicit price deflator (annual % growth)	10.7	4.2	8.6
Value added in agriculture(% of GDP)	51.6	39.9	41.7
Value added in industry (% of GDP)	16.2	22.5	21.3
Value added in service (% of GDP)	32.1	37.6	36.9
Exports of goods and service (% of GDP)	10.5	22.8	23.0
Imports of goods and service (% of GDP)	21.1	33.9	30.0
Gross domestic investment (% of GDP)	18.4	24.8	20.2
Central government revenues (% of GDP)	8.5	10.5	10.3
Overall budget deficit (% of GDP)	-6.8	-4.6	-3.9
Money and quasi money (annual % growth)	18.5	24.0	21.6

Technology and infrastructure
Telephone mainlines (per 1000 people)	3	10	11
Cost of 3 min local call($)	0.04	0.01	0.01
Personal computers( per 1000 people)		2.3	2.7
Internet users (thousands)	0	15	35
Paved roads (% of total)	38	42
Aircraft departures (thousands)	26	17	12

Trade and Finance
Trade as share of PPP GPD(%)	5.4	6.2	6.8
Trade growth less GPD growth average%(1989-99)			7.4
High tech.export (%of manufactured exports)
Net barter terms of trade(1995=100)
Foreign direct investment($ millions)	6	12	4
Present value of debt($ millions)			1654
Total debt service($ millions)	70	88	107
Short term debt($ millions)	24	31	43
Aid per capita($)	23	18	15

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